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The Arabian chemist, Al-Kinds wrote from the ninth century, a book on perfumes which he called the book of Chemistry and perfume distillation. It contained more than one hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations of costly drugs. The book also described the 107 Techniques and recipes for making perfume and perfume making equipment, such as the alembic .
The Persian chemist Avicenna introduced the process of extracting oil from the flowers by distillation, the procedure is most often used today. He first experimented with the rose. Until his discovery, liquid perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals which made a strong mix. Rose water was more delicate, and immediately became popular. Both ingredients and distillation technology significantly influenced western perfumery and scientific developments, particularly chemistry.
The art of perfumery were known in Western Europe since 1221, when we look at the monks' recipe Santa Maria dell Vine, or Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy. In the East, the Hungarians in 1370 produced a fragrance made of scented oils blended in an alcohol solution on the command of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary is best known as Hungary Water. The art of perfumery prosper in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century the Italian adaptations taken to France by Catherine De 'Medico's personal perfumer, Rene the Florentine laboratory was connected with her apartments by a secret passage, so that no formulas could be stolen en route.
Thanks Rene, France quickly became one of Europe's center of perfume and cosmetics industry. Growing flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the fourteenth century, became an important industry in the south of France. Between the 16th and 17th century perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from rare baths. Partly as a result of this patronage was made the perfume industry. In Germany, the Italian-made shaving Giovanni Paolo Feminized a perfumed water called Aqua Admiral awareness, today best known as ea De Cologne, his nephew Johann Maria Farina 1732 took over the company. By the 18th century, aromatic plants cultivated in the Grass region of France, Sicily and Candelabra in Italy to the growing perfume industry supplying raw materials. Even today, Italy and France remains the center of European perfume design and trade.
